环境立法如何驱动城市低碳转型

《财经研究》 2022年48卷第9期 页码：18 - 31  online：2022年9月3日

环境立法如何驱动城市低碳转型

How does Environmental Legislation Drive Urban Low-carbon Transition?

作者（中）：余澜1, 张兵兵1, 闫志俊2

作者（英）：Yu Lan1, Zhang Bingbing1, Yan Zhijun2

作者单位：1. 南京农业大学 经济管理学院，江苏 南京 210095;2. 南京师范大学 商学院，江苏 南京 210023

摘要：推动城市低碳转型，实现碳达峰、碳中和，是践行新发展理念，推动绿色高质量发展的重要举措。文章首先基于非径向的动态网络数据包络分析模型（DNSBM），通过双维度考量城市内部网络结构与时间跨期因素，测算得到2003—2018年中国267个地级及以上城市的低碳转型动态评估指数；然后，以城市实施环境立法为准自然实验，运用双重差分模型考察城市环境立法对低碳转型进程的影响。研究发现，实施城市环境立法能够显著推动低碳转型进程，且这一影响效应随立法强度的提升而增大，这一结论在多重情形下依然稳健。综合型环境立法和大气污染环境立法更有利于推动经济低碳转型。此外，城市环境立法对创新型政策试点城市、“两控区”城市、非老工业基地城市以及长江经济带中下游城市低碳转型的促进作用更加显著。机制检验表明，城市环境立法主要通过环境信息披露监督效应和产业结构升级效应来推动低碳转型。拓展性分析表明，城市环境立法存在正向空间溢出效应，即对相邻城市低碳转型具有显著的正向影响。协同推进与完善环境立法体系建设，持续优化绿色低碳发展区域布局，是实现低碳转型的重要路径选择。

关键词： 财政转移支付；贫困治理；基本逻辑；思想转型

Summary: Since the promulgation of the Cardinal Law for Environmental Protection for the first time in 1979, China has successively granted local independent environmental legislative power in the Constitution and relevant laws. The revision of the Legislative Law in 2015 means that China’s local environmental legislation has entered a new era. Taking the green, low-carbon and high-quality development path, the increasingly strict and improved urban environmental legislation system should play an important role. First, based on the non-radial Dynamic Network Slacks-Based Measure model, this paper dynamically calculates the low-carbon transition index of 267 cities at the prefecture level and above in China from 2003 to 2018. Second, taking the implementation of urban environmental legislation as a quasi-natural experiment, this paper uses the DID model to investigate the impact of urban environmental legislation on the process of low-carbon transition. It is found that the implementation of urban environmental legislation can significantly promote the process of low-carbon transition, and the effect increases with the improvement of legislation intensity. Compared with other types of environmental legislation, comprehensive environmental legislation and air pollution environmental legislation are more conducive to promoting low-carbon transition. In addition, urban environmental legislation plays a more significant role in promoting the low-carbon transition of innovative policy pilot cities, non-old industrial cities, cities in “two control areas”, and cities in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River economic belt. The mechanism test shows that urban environmental legislation mainly promotes low-carbon transition through the supervision effect of environmental information disclosure and the upgrading effect of industrial structure. The expansive analysis shows that urban environmental legislation also has a positive spatial spillover effect. That is, it has a significant positive impact on the low-carbon transition of neighboring cities. The innovations of this paper are as follows: First, it incorporates environmental legislation into the theoretical model of two sectors of urban economy and deeply explores the internal transmission channels of environmental legislation affecting urban low-carbon transition. Second, based on the non-radial DNSBM model, it dynamically evaluates the process of China’s urban low-carbon transition by considering the urban internal network structure and time intertemporal factors in two dimensions. Third, using the text quantitative analysis method, it constructs the differentiation index of urban environmental legislation intensity and examines the impact of heterogeneous environmental legislation types and environmental legislation intensity on urban low-carbon transition. Fourth, through the spatial DID model, it analyzes the spatial spillover effect of environmental legislation on urban low-carbon transition to provide policy reference for continuously optimizing the regional layout of green low-carbon development.

Key words: urban environmental legislation；low-carbon transition；DNSBM model；environmental information disclosure；spatial spillover effect

DOI：10.16538/j.cnki.jfe.20220614.101

收稿日期：2022-01-18

基金项目：国家社会科学基金一般项目（21BJL102）；国家自然科学基金面上项目（71773051）；江苏省社科研究基地一般项目（20JD007）；江苏省研究生科研与实践创新计划项目（KYCX22_0783）

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