自愿性环境规制与企业污染排放——基于政府节能采购政策的实证检验

《财经研究》 2022年48卷第4期 页码：49 - 63  online：2022年3月31日

自愿性环境规制与企业污染排放——基于政府节能采购政策的实证检验

Voluntary Environmental Regulations and Enterprise Pollution Emission: Based on the Empirical Test of Government Energy-saving Procurement Policy

作者（中）：步晓宁, 赵丽华

作者（英）：Bu Xiaoning, Zhao Lihua

作者单位：1.山东财经大学 金融学院, 山东 济南 250014

摘要：作为一种逐步兴起的新型政策手段，自愿性环境规制能否更好地平衡环境保护和经济增长，是值得深入研究的重要问题。文章利用中国工业企业数据、工业企业污染排放数据和政府节能采购企业清单，通过构建双重差分模型，实证检验了政府节能采购政策对企业污染排放的影响。研究发现，政府节能采购政策实施后，实验组的二氧化硫排放量相对于对照组显著降低，说明政府节能采购政策抑制了企业污染排放。经过多种稳健性检验，这一结论依然成立。机制检验表明，政府节能采购政策通过严格约束生产的各个环节，抑制了企业污染排放，具体包括在生产初始阶段改善能源结构、在生产过程中创新生产技术以及在生产终端提高污染处理能力。异质性检验表明，由于打破了原有的政企合谋氛围，政府节能采购政策使国有企业的污染减排效果更明显；此外，这一政策还赋予了企业更多的自主权，使得低污染排放强度企业的污染减排效果更明显。同时，在减少企业污染排放的同时，政府节能采购政策还提高了企业产量和绿色全要素生产率。文章研究表明，自愿性环境规制能够较好地平衡环境保护和经济增长，为经济高质量发展阶段政府制定有效的环境政策提供了有益的启示。

关键词：自愿性环境规制; 节能减排; 碳中和; 碳达峰; 双重差分

Summary: With the proposal of goals such as “not only mountains of gold and silver, but also clear waters and green mountains” “carbon peak” and “carbon neutrality”, it reflects the increasing contradiction between China’s environmental governance and economic development, and the environmental governance problem cannot be ignored. Therefore, the green development path is the inevitable choice to achieve sustainable development. As a new policy means gradually rising, whether voluntary environmental regulations can better balance environmental protection and economic growth is an important issue worthy of in-depth study. Using the database of Chinese industrial enterprises, pollution emission data of industrial enterprises and inventory data of government energy-saving procurement enterprises, this paper empirically tests the impact of voluntary environmental regulations of government energy-saving procurement on enterprise pollution emission by constructing a DID model. The results show that: (1) After the implementation of the policy, the sulfur dioxide emission of the experimental group is significantly lower than that of the control group, indicating that the government energy-saving procurement policy inhibits the pollution emission of enterprises. This conclusion is still valid after multiple robustness tests. (2) The mechanism test shows that the government energy-saving procurement policy inhibits the pollution emission of enterprises through strict constraints on all links of enterprise production, including improving the energy structure in the initial stage of production, innovating production technology in the production process and improving the pollution treatment capacity at the production terminal. (3) The heterogeneity test shows that on the one hand, the government energy-saving procurement policy breaks the original collusion atmosphere between the government and enterprises, resulting in a greater pollution reduction effect of state-owned enterprises. On the other hand, the policy also gives enterprises more autonomy, resulting in a greater pollution reduction effect of enterprises with low pollution emission intensity. (4) The government energy-saving procurement policy can not only reduce the pollution emission of enterprises, but also promote the improvement of enterprise output and green total factor productivity. This paper studies the policy effect of voluntary environmental regulations, which enriches the micro evidence of the implementation effect of voluntary environmental regulations. At the same time, the research conclusion also shows that voluntary environmental regulations can better balance environmental protection and economic growth. This provides a more novel idea and perspective for the government to formulate effective and reasonable environmental policies in the period of high-quality economic development, which is conducive to the further improvement of follow-up policies.

Key words: voluntary environmental regulations; energy saving and emission reduction; carbon neutrality; carbon peak; DID

DOI：10.16538/j.cnki.jfe.20220215.102

收稿日期：2021-11-9

基金项目：国家社会科学基金一般项目（21BJY245 ）；泰山学者工程专项经费（tsqn201909135）

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