地方政府创新驱动与中国南北经济差距——基于企业生产率视角的考察

《财经研究》 2022年48卷第2期 页码：18 - 32  online：2022年2月2日

地方政府创新驱动与中国南北经济差距——基于企业生产率视角的考察

Local Government Innovation-Driven and the Economic Gap between the North and the South of China：Research Based on the Perspective of Enterprise Productivity

作者（中）：刘斌, 潘彤

作者（英）：Liu Bin, Pan Tong

作者单位：1.对外经济贸易大学 中国WTO研究院, 北京 100029

摘要：近年来，中国区域经济发展呈现出“南快北慢”的新态势，“南强北弱”的区域经济格局在持续增强。南北方经济差距拉大的关键原因可能在于创新能力的区域分化，而地方政府对创新的重视程度与实施效果在其中发挥着重要作用。基于此，文章利用31个省份2008—2018年政府工作报告中的创新词汇数据，与上市公司数据进行合并，考察南北方不同的政府创新驱动对企业生产率的异质性影响。研究发现：首先，政府创新驱动与企业生产率呈现高度正相关关系，南方地区的地方政府对创新更为重视，实施效果更好。其次，地方政府创新驱动对企业生产率的影响效应取决于该地区的创新投入、创新资源配置和创新环境。最后，由于南方地区具有更加公平高效的市场体系、活跃开放的社会创新思维和锐意进取的企业家精神，因此南方地区的地方政府创新驱动对企业生产率的助推作用更强。总之，文章从地方政府创新驱动的视角为缩小中国南北方经济差距提供了政策参考。

关键词：政府创新驱动; 全要素生产率; 区域发展不平衡; 南北经济差距

Summary: In recent years, China’s regional economic development has shown a new trend of “fast in the South and slow in the North”, and the regional economic pattern of “strong in the South and weak in the North” has continued to strengthen. The key to the widening economic gap between the North and the South may lie in the regional differentiation of innovation capacity,the importance and implementation effect of local governments on innovation play an important role. Based on this, this paper uses the innovation vocabulary data in the government reports of 31 provinces from 2008 to 2018 to merge with the data of listed companies to investigate the heterogeneous impact of different government innovation drivers on enterprise productivity in the North and the South.Research findings: Firstly, there is a highly positive correlation between government innovation-driven and enterprise productivity, and the southern local government pays more attention to innovation, and the implementation effect is better. Secondly, the transmission effect of government innovation-driven on enterprise productivity depends on innovation input, innovation resource allocation and innovation environment. Thirdly, compared with the northern region, the southern region has more fair and efficient market-oriented system, active and open social innovation thinking and enterprising entrepreneurship. Therefore, the boosting effect of government innovation-driven on the productivity of southern enterprises is more obvious. In a word, the article provides a policy reference for narrowing the economic gap between the North and the South of China from the perspective of innovation-driven by local governments.The academic value of this paper is mainly reflected in four aspects: First, from the research perspective, this paper takes the economic gap between the North and the South as the starting point, empirically investigates the impact of government innovation-driven on enterprise productivity in the North and the South of China, and carries out the robustness test through core index replacement, sub sample regression and other methods, so as to provide new research ideas for the research related to regional economic development. Second, in terms of data indicators and measurement methods, this paper uses the innovation vocabulary data in the government work report to measure the government innovation-driven indicators. This method can largely avoid the endogenous problems caused by reverse causality. Most local government reports are published at the beginning of the year and are provincial variables, so the productivity of an enterprise in this year cannot reverse the published superior government decisions. Third, in the aspect of mechanism analysis, this paper demonstrates from three channels: improving innovation investment, optimizing innovation resource allocation, and improving innovation environment. It also systematically analyzes the difference of the transmission effect of local government innovation-driven in the North and the South of China. Fourth, in terms of expansion analysis, this paper discusses the factors affecting the implementation effect of local government innovation-driven in the North and the South of China from the macro and micro perspectives of marketization, social innovation thought, entrepreneurship and ownership structure, so as to broaden the countermeasures for realizing the coordinated development of regional economy.

Key words: government innovation-driven; total factor productivity; unbalanced regional development; economic gap between the North and the South

DOI：10.16538/j.cnki.jfe.20211114.202

收稿日期：2021-4-20

基金项目：国家自然科学基金面上项目（72173020）；教育部哲学社会科学研究重大课题攻关项目（21JZD023）；对外经济贸易大学杰出青年学者资助项目（19JQ08）；对外经济贸易大学中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金资助项目（CXTD10-11）；对外经济贸易大学研究生科研创新基金项目（202101）

全文：点击下方“阅读原文”查看全文